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Structure of Hydraulic Booster

2026-05-27 10:47:37 liuxinde

为了适应发动机“小排量、大功率”的发展趋势，液压增压器在汽车上得到了广泛的应用。液压增压器对发动机的直接作用是显著提高发动机的充气效率（100%以上），从而大大提高发动机的功率输出。

To adapt to the development trend of engines featuring small displacement and high power, hydraulic boosters have been widely applied in automobiles. They can remarkably improve the engine volumetric efficiency by over 100%, thus greatly boosting engine power output.

液压增压器

具体而言，在发动机中使用液压增压器的优势主要体现在：

1.增压压力可根据发动机需要提供，也可降低或不提供；

2.即使在高空，发动机也能获得足够的充气效率。

液压增压器的类型：

液压增压器主要由涡轮、压缩机等部件组成。涡轮进气口与发动机排气歧管连接，涡轮排气口与排气管连接；压缩机的进气口与空气滤清器相连，压缩机的排气口与进气歧管相连。

液压增压器的基本组成：

发动机排气歧管排出的废气为高温高压，具有一定的能量。在自然吸气式发动机中，这部分能量经常随着废气的排放而浪费，废气是液压增压器的动力源。涡轮和压缩机泵轮通过增压器轴（称为增压器转子）刚性连接。

增压器转子通过浮动轴承固定在增压器中（当转子高速旋转时，可确保摩擦阻力扭矩小）。发动机工作时，废气以一定角度高速撞击涡轮，使液压增压器转子高速旋转。因此，压缩机泵轮以相同的高速压缩进气。压缩空气温度将升高并影响其密度。因此，在压缩空气和进气歧管之间的中间通道上增加了一个空气冷却器（简称中冷器），以冷却压缩空气。使更多更密集的空气进入气缸，从而实现进气增压的目的。为了使液压增压器更好地发挥其效率，除了涡轮和压缩机这两个主要部件外，还有其他辅助控制元件在液压增压器上设置了两个传感器

液压增压器的辅助部件，液压增压器涡轮出口设有废气旁通阀。废气旁通阀由真空执行器在真空作用下通过杠杆机构驱动，无论是否施加了真空气，应用尺寸都是通过ECM控制废气旁通阀控制电磁阀来控制真空管路来实现的。压缩机侧面有一条旁通管路，用于连接其进气口和排气口。旁通管路上设有进气旁通阀，ECM通过控制进气旁通电磁阀间接控制进气旁通阀的开启和关闭。

液压增压器的常见问题，油耗大，但排烟颜色正常，功率不下降。原因：这种情况通常是由漏油引起的。

处理方法：

1、首先检查发动机润滑系统外部油管（包括增压器进、回油管）是否漏油；

2、检查增压器排气口是否有油。如果有油，可以判断汽轮机一端的密封圈损坏，应更换密封圈。

Specifically, the advantages of applying hydraulic boosters to engines are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

  1. The boost pressure can be adjusted, reduced or shut off according to engine operating requirements.

  2. The engine can maintain sufficient volumetric efficiency even at high altitudes.

Types of Hydraulic Booster：

A hydraulic booster is mainly composed of turbine, compressor and other components. The turbine inlet is connected to the engine exhaust manifold, and the turbine outlet is connected to the exhaust pipe. The compressor inlet is linked to the air filter, while the compressor outlet is connected to the intake manifold.

Basic Composition of Hydraulic Booster

The exhaust gas discharged from the engine exhaust manifold is high-temperature and high-pressure and contains certain energy. In naturally aspirated engines, this energy is usually wasted with exhaust emission, and the exhaust gas serves as the power source of the hydraulic booster. The turbine and compressor impeller are rigidly connected by the booster shaft, also known as the booster rotor.
The booster rotor is fixed inside the booster with floating bearings to ensure low friction torque when the rotor rotates at high speed. During engine operation, exhaust gas strikes the turbine at a certain angle at high velocity and drives the hydraulic booster rotor to rotate rapidly. The compressor impeller then rotates at the same high speed to compress intake air. The temperature of compressed air rises, which affects its density. Therefore, an intercooler is installed on the pipeline between the compressed air passage and the intake manifold to cool down the compressed air. More dense air can enter the cylinder, achieving the purpose of intake supercharging. To improve the efficiency of the hydraulic booster, in addition to the two major components of turbine and compressor, auxiliary control elements and two sensors are also equipped.
For auxiliary components of the hydraulic booster, an exhaust wastegate is arranged at the turbine outlet. The exhaust wastegate is driven by a vacuum actuator via a linkage mechanism under vacuum action. The vacuum pipeline is regulated by the wastegate solenoid valve controlled by ECM to manage the working state of the wastegate. A bypass pipeline connecting the compressor inlet and outlet is provided on the compressor side, with an intake bypass valve mounted on the pipeline. ECM controls the opening and closing of the intake bypass valve indirectly through the intake bypass solenoid valve.

Common Problems of Hydraulic Booster

Fault phenomenon: High fuel consumption, normal exhaust smoke color and no power reduction.Cause: This issue is generally caused by oil leakage.

Troubleshooting Methods

  1. First, inspect the external oil pipes of the engine lubrication system, including the oil inlet and return pipes of the booster, for oil leakage.

  2. Check if there is oil at the booster exhaust port. If oil is present, it indicates damage to the seal ring on the turbine side, and the seal ring needs to be replaced.


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